Tags
Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon England, Beowulf, Criticism, Early Middle Ages, England, Literature, Medieval Scandinavia, Old English, old norse, Poetry
Scyld Scyldinga: Intercultural innovation at the interface of West and North Germanic
While many agree that Scyld in Beowulf was back-formed from Scyldingas, the context in which this occurred is rarely discussed. It seems frequently assumed that Scyld was created in Denmark and exported to England along with the name Scyldingas. However, the way that names and terms corresponding to Scyld and Scyldingas are used in medieval Scandinavian texts suggest that neither the figure nor anassociated dynasty may have been very familiar to Scandinavians. Moreover, a consideration of Scandinavian placename evidence shows that pre-medieval Scandinavian groupnames in – ing -/- ung – were not formed on anthroponymic bases, though this practice was frequent in West Germanic contexts. Thus, though it is unlikely that Scandinavians in Scandinavia back-formed a figure named Scyld from a Scandinavian group-name antecedent to Scyldingas, such an interpretation would have been familiar and logical in West Germanic contexts. Accordingly, the figure of Scyld was likely back-formed by persons familiar with West Germanic naming practices and a Scandinavianform of Scyldingas, perhaps in an Anglo-Scandinavian context in Britain. Subsequently, the figure of Scyld was exported to Scandinavia and, though perhaps absent from autochthonous traditions, incorporated as accepted wisdom into written history and legend.
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